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Exosome(胞外体)是一种可由多种细胞分泌的纳米级膜性小泡,直径为40~100 nm,其中含有细胞特异性的信号分子、蛋白质、m RNA和mi RNA。这些成分因为有脂质膜的保护而具有充分的生物学活性,可以在细胞与细胞之间进行信息传递,从而有效发挥对受体细胞的调节作用。本文综述了近几年关于exosomes的研究成果,从exosome的基本特征、生物学功能、exosomes介导的细胞通讯在中枢神经系统疾病发病机制及治疗潜能四个方面,对exosomes的研究现状作一介绍,旨在探讨exosomes在细胞通讯研究中所面临的问题,为以exosomes作为调节靶点治疗中枢神经系统疾病提供理论参考。
Exosome is a nanoscale membranous vesicle secreted by a variety of cells with a diameter of 40-100 nm and contains cell-specific signaling molecules, proteins, m RNA and mi RNA. Because these components have sufficient biological activity to protect the lipid membrane, information can be transmitted between the cells and the cells so as to effectively exert the regulatory function on the recipient cells. This review summarizes the research results of exosomes in recent years. This review summarizes the current status of exosomes from four aspects: the basic features of exosomes, biological functions, exosomes-mediated cellular communication in pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of central nervous system diseases , Aimed to explore the exosomes in cell communication research problems facing exosomes as a regulatory target for the treatment of central nervous system diseases provide a theoretical reference.