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目的：探讨小剂量利妥昔单抗治疗继发于系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）的难治性血细胞减少症的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择2009年10月至2014年12月沈阳军区总医院收治的继发于SLE的难治性血细胞减少症患者11例，给予利妥昔单抗100 mg静脉滴注，每周1次，连用4周；动态观察血常规变化，采用流式细胞术检测治疗前后CD3+、CDl9+CD20+淋巴细胞数，免疫比浊法定量检测治疗前后血清免疫球蛋白（IgG、lgM、IgA）水平。治疗有效患者序贯给予每6个月静脉滴注利妥昔单抗100 mg行维持治疗，通过长期随访评价维持治疗有效性。结果小剂量利妥昔单抗初始治疗后6例完全缓解，3例部分缓解，2例无效，总有效率为81.8%。利妥昔单抗治疗前后血清免疫球蛋白及CD3+淋巴细胞数无明显变化（P>0.05），但CDl9+CD20+淋巴细胞数较治疗前明显下降（P0.05).However,CDl9+CD20+ cells were almost decreased to depletion level in the patients treated with rituximab(P<0.01).Among six patients acquired CR,no one patient relapsed during the follow-up period because of sequential maintenance. Among three patients acquired PR,there was one patient achieved CR due to maintenance therapy,one patient relapsed and one patient remained PR.Conclusions Treatment with low dose rituximab may be an effective and safe approach in patient with secondary cytopenia associated with SLE.Relapse rates can be decreased through maintenance therapy with low dose rituximab. Howevert the optimal therapeutic schedule needs further investigation.