美国密执安工业大学的G.R.Shalk和W.W.Milligan开发了一种能将金属粉末熔凝成充分密实的压制品而同时保持原有纳米级颗粒尺寸的快速粉末锻冶技术。首先由单质粉末研磨机在氩气中研磨制得含有20纳米颗粒度的Fe-10Cu粉末,然后再进行熔凝。在熔凝期间的晶粒长大可通过将暴露在高温中的时间减少至几分钟或者更短来加以控制。这项技术可应用于所有的 G. R. Shalk and W.W. Milligan at the Michigan Institute of Technology in the United States have developed a rapid powder forging technique that can be used to melt metallic powders into sufficiently dense pressed articles while maintaining the original nano-sized particle size. The first Fe-10Cu powder having a particle size of 20 nm was first ground in a single-material powder mill in argon and then melted. Grain growth during melting can be controlled by reducing the time exposed to high temperatures to a few minutes or less. This technique can be applied to all