一、由来与发展建国以来 ,国有、大集体企业的一些苦脏累险、有毒有害工作岗位使用了大量的工作人员。工人们在常年的生产劳动中 ,受有毒有害等因素的伤害 ,到一定年龄后 ,身体无法适应这种工作环境。为此 ,党和政府制定政策规定 :“从事井下、高空、高温、特别繁重体力劳动或 I. Origin and Development Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, a large number of staff members have been employed in some poisonous and harmful jobs in the state-owned and large-collective enterprises. In perennial productive labor, workers are harmed by such factors as poisonous and harmful. After a certain age, the body can not adapt to this kind of work environment. To this end, the party and the government have formulated the policy stipulations: "engaging in underground work, high altitude, high temperature, especially heavy manual labor or