目的　探讨肾移植患者围手术期死亡原因。方法　对 112 3例肾移植受者围手术期死亡原因进行回顾性分析。结果　围手术期共死亡 2 4例 ,死亡率 2 1% ,其中 10例死于感染 ,8例死于心、脑血管疾病 ,3例死于应激性溃疡 ,2例死于暴发性肝功能衰竭 ,1例死于高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷。结论　早诊断 ,早治疗 ,积极处理危险因素 ,加强肾脏移植围手术期有关预防措施是降低围手术期死亡率的关键。 Objective To investigate the causes of perioperative death in renal transplant recipients. Methods The causes of perioperative death in 1123 renal transplant recipients were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 24 perioperative deaths and 21 1% mortality, of which 10 died of infection, 8 died of heart and cerebrovascular disease, 3 died of stress ulcer and 2 died of fulminant hepatic function Failure, 1 patient died of hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma. Conclusions Early diagnosis, early treatment, aggressive treatment of risk factors and perioperative prevention of kidney transplantation are the keys to reduce perioperative mortality.