Passivation with crosslinkable diamine yields 0.1 V non-radiative Voc loss in inverted perovskite so

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted continually increasing attention in recent years due to its outstanding photoelectric properties and bright commercial prospect [1-6].So far, the certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) record of PSCs increased up to be 25.2% [7].However, the efficiency for PSCs with inverted structure was generally lower (~22.3%) [8].A major reason for the relatively lower PCE in inverted solar cells was that the achieved open-circuit voltage (Voc) was generally lower than that of conventional PSCs based on the same photoactive layers [9-11].The Voc of solar cells was determined by the splitting of quasi-Fermi levels of electrons (EFn) and holes (EFp) [12].Non-radiative recombination assisted by trapping effect would reduce the energy difference between EFn and EFp, hence leading to additional Voc loss beyond radiative recombination[13,14].
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