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以黄河中游多沙粗沙区子洲径流站和离石王家沟试验站的径流场观测资料为基础,对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坡沟系统中高含沙水流特征与地貌因素及重力侵蚀的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,黄土坡面的地貌垂直结构和由此所决定的侵蚀作用垂直分异,对坡面高含沙水流的形成有很大的影响,高含沙水流形成于峁坡下部和沟坡,并在各级沟道中进一步发展。坡度对高含沙水流的形成有较大影响,如果侵蚀过程以溅蚀、面蚀、细沟侵蚀为主,不发生切沟及显著的重力侵蚀,则存在着一个坡度临界值,大于此值后,含沙量反而减小。重力侵蚀对坡沟系统高含沙水流的形成起着十分重要的作用,由于强烈的重力侵蚀的参与,高含沙水流的沙峰滞后于洪峰,落水阶段的含沙量常常大于同流量下涨水阶段的含沙量。
Based on the observed data of runoff fields in Zizhou and Lijiagou experimental stations in the middle and high reaches of the Yellow River, the relationship between the characteristics of high sediment concentration and the geomorphic factors and gravity erosion in the slope-gully area of the Loess Plateau was studied Study. The results show that the vertical distribution of the topography of the loess slope and the erosion determined by it are perpendicular to each other, which have a great influence on the formation of high silt water flow. The high silt water flow is formed in the lower part of the slope and the slope , And further development at all levels of channels. Slope has great influence on the formation of high-concentration water flow. If the erosion process is dominated by splashing, surface erosion and rill erosion, there will be a slope critical value, which is greater than this value After the sediment concentration decreased. Gravity erosion plays a very important role in the formation of high silt water flow in the slope-gully system. Due to the strong gravity erosion, the sand peak of high silt-laden water current lags behind the flood peak, and the sediment concentration in the water-falling stage is often larger than that of the same flow Sediment in the water phase.