中国崛起为先进经济体的可能性为其他国家提供了颇为有趣的发展机遇。本文将主要探讨在地域辽阔、人口众多的中国,能否应用知识政策缩小发达地区和欠发达地区之间的种种差异。本文尤为关注发展学习型社区能否填补知识的鸿沟,弥补发展的差距。根据扁平世界理论,世界可以转化为一个公平的游戏场。中国历史悠久,地缘政治复杂,中国的历史教训为发展中国家众多怀抱梦想的社区提供了各种各样的经验教训。基于这一原因,我们将中国加以个案考察。中国发明了印刷术、火药,开启了足球运动(兹不一一列举),却在其巅峰时期建造了长城(本身就是一个工程上的奇迹),与世隔绝,此后日渐衰微,直至欧洲列强的火炮打开了国门,在沿海设立通商口岸,惊醒了中国人。事实上,已有学者论述,是邓小平的改革开放扭转了这一悲惨状态。此种观点未免过于简单,本文不敢苟同。本文认为,旧中国的衰败,并非由于国门的开放或关闭,而是由于缺少知识和衡量知识的标准。 The possibility of China’s rise as an advanced economy offers quite interesting opportunities for development for other countries. This article will mainly discuss whether knowledgeable policies can be applied to narrow the differences between developed and underdeveloped regions in a vast and populous China. This article pays particular attention to whether the development of learning communities can fill the gap between knowledge and make up for the development gap. According to the theory of flat world, the world can be transformed into a fair playground. China has a long history and complicated geopolitics. The historical lessons of China have provided a great variety of lessons for many communities in developing countries who embrace their dreams. For this reason, we examine China on a case-by-case basis. China invented printing, gunpowder, and started football (not to mention enumeration), but at its peak built the Great Wall (an engineering miracle in itself) isolated from the rest of the world and then decaying until the European powers The artillery opened its door to China and set up trading ports along the coast, awaking the Chinese. In fact, some scholars have argued that it is Deng Xiaoping’s reform and opening up that has reversed this tragic state. This view is too simple, this article does not agree. This paper argues that the decline of old China was not due to the opening or closing of the country but to the lack of knowledge and the criterion of knowledge.