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1.油菜主茎按其着生叶形,由下而上依次分为缩茎(长柄叶)、伸长茎(短柄叶)、苔茎(无柄叶)三段。三茎段形成于冬前主序分化之前,迅速生长则于次年返青之后。茎段生长经历由缓慢到快速以至停止的过程。“74-1”伸长茎快速生长期出现于主序初花期,“陕油110”在初花前4—8天;苔茎快速生长期两品种均在伸长茎快速生 长期后的4天左右;主花序又在苔茎快速生长期后的10天前后。油菜株高生长速度曲线出现三次高峰,恰与伸长茎、苔茎、主序的快速生长期相吻合。 2.茎段由若干节组成,不同茎段节间生长各异:伸长茎节间是按由下而上成对平行生长,茎段上部节间大于下部节间,苔茎段以第1和居中节间伸长较快,节间长度呈明显的一长一短交替排列。 3.将茎段生长速度进行回归分析表明,茎粗与茎段、茎段之间以及茎段与株高之间存在着规律性联系;气温高低与茎段生长速度之间有极显著的相关关系。 4.主茎上部位茎段的经济性状优于中、下部,这与上部位器官发育早、营养输导中的顶端优势,以及光合效率高等因素有关。为了发挥主茎上部茎段的产量优势,栽培中要注意适当控制个体,而使群体得以充分发展,以利用主序和苔茎段的增产潜力。甘蓝型油菜伸长茎分枝有较大的潜力,应争取提高其成枝率。
1. Rape stems according to their leaf shape, from the bottom up into the reduced stem (long handle), elongation stem (short handle), mulberry stems (handleless leaves) three sections. Three stem segments formed before the winter pre-differentiation, rapid growth in the following year after the green. Stem growth experienced slow to fast and even stopped the process. The rapid growing stage of “74-1” elongate stem appeared in the early flowering stage of main sequence, and “Shanyou 110” was 4-8 days before the early flowering stage. Days or so; the main inflorescence is about 10 days after the rapid growth of the cauline. The rape plant height growth curve appeared three peaks, just with the elongation stem, mulberry stem, the main sequence of rapid growth phase coincide. 2. Stems by a number of sections, different growth of different sections of stem internodes: elongated internodes are parallels from bottom to top growth, the upper section of the stem section is greater than the lower internode, moss stem section 1 And the center internode elongation faster, internode length was significantly longer and shorter alternately arranged. Regression analysis of the growth speed of the stem showed that there was a regular relationship between the stem diameter and the stem and stem segments and the stem height and plant height. There was a significant correlation between the air temperature and the stem growth rate relationship. The economic characters of the stem segments of the main stem were superior to those of the middle and lower parts, which were related to the earlier organ development in the upper part, the top superiority in nutrient delivery, and the higher photosynthetic efficiency. In order to give full play to the yield superiority of the upper stem section of the main stem, attention should be paid to proper control of the individual in the cultivation so that the population can be fully developed to take advantage of the potential yield potential of the main and mulberry stems. Brassica napus elongation stem branch has greater potential, should strive to improve the rate of its branches.