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用免疫组化技术对８例上颌窦正常粘膜、１２例乳头状瘤、４例乳头状瘤癌变及５０例鳞癌增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达进行了检测。结果显示：上颌窦正常粘膜无ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞。上颌窦乳头状瘤、乳头状瘤癌变及鳞癌的ＰＣＮＡ指数分别为２０．５８％、５５．９２％和５０．１６％。上颌窦正常粘膜、乳头状瘤及鳞癌间ＰＣＮＡ指数有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。乳头状瘤与乳头状瘤癌变间ＰＣＮＡ指数亦有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。乳头状瘤癌变与鳞癌间ＰＣＮＡ指数则无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。高、中、低分化鳞癌的ＰＣＮＡ指数分别为３７．２４％、４９．８８％和６２．６１％，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）。上颌窦不同病变间ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞分布亦有不同。提示：ＰＣＮＡ免疫组化染色有助于上颌窦良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别及恶性分级。
Eight cases of normal mucosa of maxillary sinus, 12 cases of papilloma, 4 cases of papillomatosis and 50 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that: normal mucosa of maxillary sinus without PCNA positive cells. The PCNA index of maxillary sinus papilloma, papillomatosis and squamous cell carcinoma were 20.58%, 55.92% and 50.16% respectively. There was a significant difference in PCNA index between normal mucosa, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma of maxillary sinus (P <0.001). There was also a significant difference in PCNA between papilloma and papilloma (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between PCNA and carcinomatous papilloma (P> 0.05). The PCNA index of high, moderate and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was 37.24%, 49.88% and 62.61% respectively, the difference was significant (P <0.001). The distribution of PCNA positive cells in different lesions of maxillary sinus is also different. Tip: PCNA immunohistochemical staining of benign and malignant tumors of the maxillary sinus is helpful in the identification and malignant grading.