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针对福利国家的式微,20世纪90年代见证了市民社会组织的复兴,莱斯特·萨拉蒙称其为“全球结社革命”。由于对市民社会组织的界定存在争议,本文提出了一个政治国家、市场经济和市民社会三位一体的理论框架,这有助于更好地理解市民社会概念的内涵和外延。不同于前苏联和东欧的自由放任式改革,法人化是中国市民社会发展的策略选择。针对转型中国的法人单位普查数据的实证分析,阐明了中国市民社会发展的组织分化和地区差异。组织分化意味着市民社会组织在公共服务供给上的劳动分工,而地区差异揭示出市场经济的发展是市民社会发展的基础。
For the welfare state’s declination, the revival of civil society organizations was witnessed in the 1990s, and Leicester Salaam called it a “global association revolution.” Due to the controversy over the definition of civil society organizations, this article proposes a theoretical framework of the trinity of political states, market economy and civil society, which helps to better understand the connotation and denotation of the concept of civil society. Different from the laissez-faire reform and the legalization of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, it is a strategic choice for the development of civil society in China. The empirical analysis of census data of legal entities in transition in China clarifies the organizational differentiation and regional differences in the development of civil society in China. Organizational differentiation means the civil division of labor in the public service supply division of labor, and regional differences reveal that the development of market economy is the basis for the development of civil society.