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今天,“卡诺热机”、“卡诺循环”和“卡诺定理”,已是大家所熟悉的科学名词了。法国物理学家萨迪·卡诺(N.L.Sadi Camot,1796-1832)创立的理想热机理论,现在不仅在热机工程界受到普遍重视,而且被列为物理学领域的一项重大发现。然而,卡诺的理论在创立后长期都未能得到应有的重视。他在1824年发表的《关于火的动力和适合产生这种力的机器的考虑》(以下简称为《关于火的动力》)一书的原版直到1835年才销售完;关于他的理论的评论也只有过两次,一次是1824年的书评,另一次则出现在他弟弟为他所写的悼词中。只是到了1848年开耳芬(Lord Kelvin,1824-1907)根据卡诺定理提出绝对温标概念后,卡诺的理论才稍微引起了科学界的注意。
Today, the “Kano Heat Engine”, “Carnot Cycle” and “Carnot Theorem” are familiar scientific terms. The ideal heat engine theory founded by French physicist N.L. Sadi Camot (1796-1832) is now not only widely recognized in the heat engine engineering field, but also has been listed as a major discovery in the field of physics. However, Carnot’s theory has not received due attention for a long time since its establishment. The original edition of his book “On the Power of Fire and the Consideration of Machines for the Generation of Such Forces” (hereinafter referred to as “The Power of Fire”) published in 1824 was not sold until 1835; comments on his theory Only twice, once a book review of 1824, and another time in the eulogy he wrote for him. It was only after Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) proposed the concept of absolute temperature scale according to Carnot’s theorem in 1848 that Carnot’s theory attracted the attention of the scientific community.