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在《正义的前沿》一书中,玛莎.努斯帕姆认为,社会契约理论无法容纳针对动物的政治义务,因为社会契约理论要求各缔约方需要具备大致等同的体能和精神条件。但是她对社会契约传统的阐释并不令人信服。社会契约理论只要求缔约方具有同等的自由、应当受到同等的道德考量。社会契约理论之所以优于努斯帕姆提出的能力方法(capabilities approach)在于,社会契约理论将针对动物的正义共同体的范围限定在我们能够认可的正义主体、以及与我们拥有政治关系的范围之内。
In The Frontiers of Justice, Martha Nusspam argues that the social contract theory can not accommodate the political obligations of animals because the social contract theory requires that parties require approximately equal physical and mental conditions. But her interpretation of the social contract tradition is not convincing. Social contract theory, which requires only that parties have equal freedom, should be given the same ethical consideration. The reason why the social contract theory is superior to that of Nusspam’s approach to competence is that the social contract theory limits the scope of the justice community for animals to the subject of justice we can recognize and to the range of political relations with us Inside.