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目的了解聋哑青少年人格特征与心理健康现状及相互关系,为其人格与心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)与症状自评量表SCL-90对随机抽取的吉林、广东省3所聋哑学校158名学生进行调查。结果聋哑青少年精神质(P)得分明显高于常模(t男=5.99,t女=5.47,P<0.01),神经质(N)得分明显低于常模(t男=-7.11,t女=-3.35,P<0.01),男性内外向(E)得分明显低于常模(t男=-4.86,P<0.01),女性内外向(E)得分与常模差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SCL-90的9个因子分均值均明显高于国内青年常模(t=4.21~12.74,均P<0.01);SCL-90若干因子与EPQ中P、N分量表呈正相关(r=0.16~0.31,P<0.05,P<0.01),与E分量表呈负相关(r=-0.19~-0.35,P<0.05,P<0.01),N、E维度对心理健康水平具有预测作用(P<0.01)。结论聋哑青少年精神质倾向较高,情绪稳定,男性较为内向,其心理健康水平低于全国青年平均水平,且较多地受到人格特征中情绪性、内外向的影响。
Objective To understand the status quo and interrelationship between personality traits and mental health of deaf-adolescent adolescents and provide basis for their personality and mental health education. Methods A total of 158 students from three deaf schools in Jilin and Guangdong Provinces were randomly selected from the EPQ and SCL-90 questionnaires. Results The mental quality (P) scores of deaf and dumb adolescent were significantly higher than that of the norm (t = 5.99, t = 5.47, P <0.01) = -3.35, P <0.01). There was no significant difference between male and female (P <0.01), and there was no significant difference between male and female > 0.05). The mean scores of 9 factors in SCL-90 were significantly higher than those in domestic youth (t = 4.21-12.74, all P <0.01). Some factors of SCL-90 were positively correlated with P and N in EPQ (r = 0.16-0.31, P <0.05, P <0.01), and was negatively correlated with the E subscales (r = -0.19-0.35, P <0.05, P <0.01). The N and E dimensions predicted the mental health (P <0.01). Conclusion Deaf and dumb adolescents have higher mental quality, emotional stability, and more introverted men. Their mental health level is lower than the national average for young people and is more influenced by the emotional, introversive and extroverted personality traits.