阐述了酚醛树脂作为烧蚀材料的研究现状。综述了酚醛树脂基体的耐热改性,包括元素改性和有机结构改性。并从酚醛树脂的纤维复合、高残炭添加剂改性和纳米无机粒子改性三个方面介绍了酚醛树脂基烧蚀材料的应用研究进展。在硅基可陶瓷化基础上介绍了一种新型的碳基可陶瓷化技术,并展望了酚醛树脂及其复合材料的发展趋势。 The research status of phenolic resin as ablative material is described. The thermoresistant modification of phenolic resin matrix is ​​reviewed, including elemental modification and organic structure modification. The application progress of phenolic resin based ablative materials was introduced from the aspects of fiber composites of phenolic resin, modification of high residual carbon additives and modification of nano inorganic particles. Based on the silicon-based ceramic, a new type of carbon-based ceramization technology was introduced. The development trend of phenolic resin and its composites was also prospected.