《邦联条例》为美国宪法的成文法形式奠定了基础。它拒绝君主制,严格限制行政权力;借鉴以契约建立殖民地联合政府组织的经验,选择各州互约联合的形式,仍然维持十三州独立时的国家形态。《联邦宪法》的制定反映了当时美国政治精英的智识,规定美国的国家结构形式是联邦制,它所预设解决的首要问题是安全。宪法由人民制定,而非各州相互约定,开启了美利坚人民作为一个整体发展的新篇章。中央和州政府之间的平衡,是联邦制的主要特点,是对制宪领袖致力达到的目标的回应。美国宪法制定的过程及其联邦制原则的最终确立,显示出的是宪治的精神。 The Confederation Ordinance laid the foundation for the statute law of the United States Constitution. It rejects the monarchy and strictly restricts administrative power. Drawing on the experience of establishing a coalition government with a colonial government by drawing lessons from it, we can choose the form of mutual alliance between the states and still maintain the state pattern of the thirteen states when they were independent. The formulation of the Federal Constitution reflected the intelligence of the then political elites in the United States and stipulated that the state structure of the United States was federalism and that the primary issue it preordained to resolve was security. The Constitution, formulated by the people rather than by the states, opened the door to a new chapter in the development of the entire American people. The balance between central and state governments is a key feature of federalism and a response to the dedication of constitutional leaders. The process of formulating the United States Constitution and the final establishment of its federal principle show the spirit of the constitutional government.