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斯密《道德情操论》和《国富论》中人们行为的出发点是利己还是利他,一直存在争论。斯密对孟德维尔的批评说明,他反对“个人劣行即公共利益”的看法。他也反对从“自爱”去说明人的全部本性及道德理论。斯密把利己和利他都看作人的本性的要素,他对“经济人”的动机和行为的考察也是多方面的。斯密《国富论》探讨的是资本主义的基本经济关系,而《道德情操论》探讨的正是这种经济关系之上的人们的道德观。
There has always been controversy over whether the starting point for people’s behavior in Smith’s “moral sentiment theory” and “Wealth of Nations” is self-serving or altruistic. Smith’s criticism of Mondeville shows that he rejects the view that “an individual’s inferiority is a public interest.” He also opposed to “self-love” to explain the whole human nature and moral theory. Smith treats egoism and altruism as essential elements of human nature. His investigation of the motives and behaviors of “economic man” is also multifaceted. Smith’s “Wealth of Nations” explores the basic economic relations of capitalism, and “moral sentiment theory” explores precisely the morality of people above this economic relationship.