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目的了解我国南北典型地区农村饮用水中农药残留的现状与差异。方法于2014年的农药喷撒高峰期(4—8月),对北方A省和南方B省9个市(县、区)的农村饮用水中6种农药(毒死蜱、敌敌畏、乙草胺、丁草胺、莠去津、多菌灵)残留进行检测。结果毒死蜱、敌敌畏、乙草胺、丁草胺、莠去津和多菌灵在A省均有检出,检出率分别为98.2%(108/110),46.4%(51/110),95.5%(105/110),83.6%(92/110),20.9%(23/110),0.9%(1/110);B省仅检出乙草胺、莠去津和多菌灵,检出率分别为1.8%(1/57),3.5%(2/57),45.6%(26/57)。A省水样中毒死蜱、敌敌畏、乙草胺、丁草胺、莠去津的检出率远高于B省,而B省水样中多菌灵的检出率高于A省。水中农药的检出率总体上都随着施药点距离的增加而降低。这6种农药中,仅敌敌畏出现超标,且超标水样分布在A省的一县和一市,超标率分别为5.71%(2/35)和43.75%(14/32)。结论在施药期间,A省和B省某些农村饮用水中存在农药残留,且A省部分地区存在敌敌畏超标现象。
Objective To understand the status quo and differences of pesticide residues in rural drinking water in the typical areas of South and North China. Methods Six pesticides (chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, acetochlor, oxalicum, oxalicum, oxalicum, Butachlor, atrazine, carbendazim) residues were detected. Results Chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, acetochlor, butachlor, atrazine and carbendazim were all detected in A province, the detection rates were 98.2% (108/110), 46.4% (51/110), 95.5 (105/110), 83.6% (92/110), 20.9% (23/110) and 0.9% (1/110) respectively. Acetochlor, atrazine and carbendazim Rates were 1.8% (1/57), 3.5% (2/57) and 45.6% (26/57), respectively. The detection rate of chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, acetochlor, butachlor and atrazine in A water samples was much higher than that in B province, while the detection rate of carbendazim in B water samples was higher than that in A province. In general, the detection rate of pesticides in water decreases with the distance from the point of application. Among the six kinds of pesticides, only dichlorvos exceeded the standard, and the exceeding standard water samples were distributed in one county and one municipality in province A, exceeding the standard rates of 5.71% (2/35) and 43.75% (14/32), respectively. Conclusion During the pesticide application, pesticide residues were found in some rural drinking water in A province and B province, and the exceeding of the standard of dichlorvos existed in some areas of A province.