一《资政新篇》是以洪仁玕为代表的太平天国革命领袖们向西方学习的结晶。但近代中国向西方学习的最先开风气者,并不是洪仁玕。鸦片战争后,中国的社会经济和政治发生着剧烈的变化,民族危机、社会危机日益严重,这对中国的政治、思想发生着深刻的影响。鸦片战争的失败对“天朝大国”中具有开明思想的地主阶级士大夫是一个极其沉重的教训。他们中的一些人提出了向西方学习先进的资本主义物质文明的主张,在中国近代的社会历史条件下,这是符合社会客观发展要求的。但是,他们都只是企图依靠 A “new chapter in the administration of resources” is the result of the learning from the West by the revolutionary leaders of the Taiping Heaven-King, represented by Hong Rengan. However, the earliest pioneers of learning from China in the West in modern China were not Hung Ren-hsien. After the Opium War, dramatic changes have taken place in China’s social economy and politics. The national crisis and the growing social crisis have profoundly affected China’s politics and ideology. The failure of the Opium War is an extremely heavy lesson for the literati-and-wealthy doctor with an enlightened mind in the “Great Power of Heavenly Kingdom.” Some of them proposed the idea of ​​learning advanced capitalist material civilization from the West. This is in line with the objective requirements of social development under the social and historical conditions in modern China. However, they are only trying to rely on