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烷基化是生产清洁汽油的重要手段,烷基化油已成为新配方汽油的重要调合组分,因为它具有蒸气压低、不含芳烃和苯、辛烷值高、含硫低甚至无硫等优点。在改进烷基化工艺方面正在开发这样一些技术:①FCC戊烯的烷基化;②使用新的添加剂,以减少HF的排出;③在新工艺中使用公害少的催化剂. 烷基化油在美国全部商品汽油中约占13 v％,而在新配方汽油中则上升到20.7 v％. 从丙烯到戊烯都可以用作烷基化的原料。但由于丙烯可生产聚丙烯,丁烯可生产MTBE,故戊烯已变成更现实的替代原料.用戊烯作原料有三重好处:①生产理想的新配方汽油组分;②消除商品汽油中的烯烃来源;③降低催化裂化轻汽油的蒸气压。 HF烷基化具有操作费用低、酸耗小、可就地再生等优点,但在安全方面有风险。
Alkylation is an important means of producing clean gasoline. Alkylated oil has become an important blending component of newly formulated gasoline due to its low vapor pressure, free of aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene, high octane number, low sulfur content and even sulfur-free Etc. Some techniques are under development to improve the alkylation process: ① Alkylation of FCC pentene; ② Use of new additives to reduce HF emissions; ③ Use of less polluting catalysts in new processes. Alkylation oils are commercially available in the United States About 13% of the total product is gasoline and up to 20.7% of the newly formulated gasoline, which can be used as alkylation feedstock from propylene to pentene. However, because propylene can produce polypropylene and butene can produce MTBE, pentene has become a more realistic alternative raw material. With pentene as a raw material has three advantages: ① the ideal new formula gasoline components; ② eliminate the commodity gasoline Olefin source; ③ reduce the vapor pressure of FCC light gasoline. HF alkylation has the advantages of low operating costs, low acid consumption, renewable in situ, etc. However, there are risks in terms of safety.