学业准备是当前国际层面上的学前教育热点问题之一,对学业准备的关注不仅来自学前教育专家,还有来自政府的政治力量。本文阐述了该领域的焦点——处境不利儿童学业准备的研究现状及其对于政策的影响。研究发现,学业准备状态对于未来学业成功具有一定的预测性。处境不利儿童往往处于低水平的学业准备状态,劣势的家庭社会经济特征和学前教育机构经历等生态环境是导致其学业准备不足的主要因素,处境不利儿童学业准备状况的改善也需要运用生态学模式进行。 Academic preparation is one of the current hot topics in preschool education at the international level. The concern for academic preparation comes not only from preschool education experts, but also from the political power of the government. This article describes the focus of the field - the current state of research on the preparation for schooling of disadvantaged children and its implications for policy. The study found that academic readiness is predictive of future academic success. Disadvantaged children are often at a low level of academic readiness, disadvantaged socio-economic characteristics of families and pre-school educational institutions and other ecological environment is the main factor leading to their lack of academic preparation, improvement of academic preparation of disadvantaged children also need to use ecological model get on.