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[目的]调查了解经济欠发达地区冶炼企业的基本职业卫生服务现状和监督管理情况,为此类地区职业卫生服务的发展提供借鉴。[方法]采用现场观察法和抽样问卷调查法,对某冶炼企业工人发放调查问卷,同时根据基本职业卫生服务要求,进行现场粉尘、烟尘浓度监测和工人发样中重金属含量检测。[结果]该企业职业危害因素主要是噪声、粉尘、刺激性化学气体、金属烟尘等。该矿区的基本职业卫生服务水平较低,工人的基本职业卫生服务覆盖率仅为37.0%。工人对职业防护知识的理解和掌握程度较低,仅63.2%的工人表示可以掌握职业防护知识。[结论]企业生产过程中存在多种职业危害因素,应采取防尘、降噪等措施改进作业环境。企业的基本职业卫生服务工作需要根据当地情况,逐步改进和扩大职业卫生服务覆盖人群。
[Objective] To investigate the status quo and supervision and management of basic occupational health services in smelting enterprises in economically underdeveloped areas and provide references for the development of occupational health services in such areas. [Method] The survey questionnaire was distributed to workers in a smelting enterprise by on-the-spot observation and sampling questionnaire survey. At the same time, according to the requirements of basic occupational health service, the concentrations of heavy metals in the dust, soot and workers samples were monitored. [Result] The occupational hazards of this enterprise are mainly noise, dust, irritating chemical gases, metal soot and so on. The mine occupies a relatively low level of basic occupational health services and covers only 37.0% of the workers’ basic occupational health services. Workers have a low level of understanding and mastery of occupational protection knowledge, and only 63.2% of workers said they can acquire occupational protection knowledge. [Conclusion] There are many kinds of occupational hazards in the production process of the enterprise, and measures such as dust prevention and noise reduction should be taken to improve the working environment. The basic occupational health services of enterprises need to gradually improve and expand the coverage of occupational health services according to local conditions.