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目的调查了解诺如病毒引起的感染性腹泻暴发疫情的流行病学特点及传播途径,为制定预防控制对策提供依据。方法采用流行病学现场调查和统计分析方法、轮状病毒抗原检测、诺如病毒荧光PCR检测以及细菌分离培养常规方法。结果共发病69例,均为学生,罹患率为2.55%,治疗后均痊愈。发病集中在5月4~6日之间;分布在不同班级;男生45例、女生24例;年龄集中在15~17岁之间;主要临床表现为腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、发热等症状,症状较轻,病程多为2~3 d,有一定自限性,血常规多正常,大便常规均无异常;肛拭子标本中诺如病毒PCR核酸检测阳性。结论经调查确定本次疫情为一起雨水渗入自备水井,自备水井经管网混入自来水供水管网,部分学生饮用未被烧开的生水所致的诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发疫情。做好学校饮用水水源防护和管网改造维护,定期进行饮用水水质检测,学校供应充足的开水,加强健康教育,指导学生养成良好的个人卫生习惯,对预防和避免此类事件的发生相当重要。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and routes of transmission of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus and to provide basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological field survey and statistical analysis methods, rotavirus antigen detection, norovirus RT PCR detection and bacterial isolation and culture of conventional methods. Results A total of 69 cases were sick, both students, the attack rate was 2.55%, were cured after treatment. The incidence ranged from May 4 to May 6; distributed in different classes; 45 boys and 24 girls; the age ranged from 15 to 17 years old; the main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever and other symptoms , Mild symptoms, duration of mostly 2 ~ 3 d, there is a certain self-limiting, more blood routine, stool routine no abnormalities; norovirus swab specimens detected positive for PCR nucleic acid. Conclusions The survey confirmed that the epidemic situation was that rainwater infiltrated into the self-provided wells. The self-provided water wells were mixed into the water supply pipe network through the pipe network. Some outbreaks of Norovirus infectious diarrhea caused by unboiled raw water were drunk. Do a good job in school drinking water protection and pipe network transformation and maintenance, regular drinking water testing, the school supplies plenty of water, strengthen health education, to guide students to develop good personal hygiene habits, to prevent and avoid such incidents are quite important.