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为维护船舶油污受害人的权益、保护海洋环境,我国建立了对船舶油污受害人权益两个层次的保护,受害人依法可先后向船舶所有人或其保险人以及中国船舶油污损害赔偿基金索赔,获得船舶油污损害的相应赔偿或者补偿费用。文章分别介绍第一层次和第二层次索赔的依据和对象,指出受害人在索赔时需注意两个层次的不同之处:(1)赔付方免于赔付情形不同;(2)索赔损失种类和可赔付范围不同;(3)可赔付的各类油污损害是否享有优先权不同。
In order to protect the rights and interests of oil pollution victims and protect the marine environment, China has established two levels of protection for the rights and interests of shipowners affected by oil pollution. The victims, according to law, may claim compensation from the shipowner or its insurer and China Ship Oil Pollution Damage Compensation Fund, Obtain the corresponding compensation for damage caused by oil pollution of ships or compensation fees. The article introduces the basis and objects of the first level and the second level respectively, and points out that the victims should pay attention to the differences between two levels when claiming: (1) Different ranges of payables; (3) Different types of oil damages that can be compensated for have different priority.