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本研究用携带矮杆基因的矬大豆直接与野生大豆杂交.目的是研究矮杆基因抑制蔓生性等野生不良性状的遗传效应,确定用矮杆基因克服野生不良性状的价值.结果表明:矮杆基因是受主效基因控制的隐性性状,受其作用,蔓生性与直立性表现为3∶1分离,F_2代产生1/4的直立个体,证明利用矮杆基因克服蔓生性是十分有效的方法.同时,矮杆直立性还与淡色种皮、深色叶以及早熟性有显著相关,对于在生育早期根据叶色淘汰蔓生型,集中选择符合栽培要求的直立类型有一定作用.试验还证实,早代回交有降低出现高蛋白质含量基因型频率的趋势.并且,一次回交只能产生1.9～7.9%的直立株,优良表现型也只占总体的0.04～0.98%.而用矮大豆作亲本的组合后代不需进行回交,优良类型的比例即可高达5.05%.此外,用矮杆大豆和野生种杂交比用普遍品种杂交再回交对野生不良性状的改良周期至少缩短1～2年.
The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic effect of dwarfing genes on wild undesirable traits such as creeping resistance and to determine the value of dwarfing genes in overcoming the wild malformations.The results showed that the short stem Genes are recessive traits controlled by major genes. By their function, the traits of poplar and upright are 3: 1 segregation and 1/4 generation of individuals in F2 generation. It is proved that it is very effective to overcome the sprawling effect by using dwarf gene Method.At the same time, the dwarf stem erectness was also significantly correlated with the light color seed coat, the dark leaf and the early maturity, which was helpful for the centralized selection of upright type that accorded with the cultivation requirements according to the leaf color elimination and vine stemming in early growth period. The early backcrosses tended to reduce the frequency of occurrence of high protein content genotypes, and only 1.9 to 7.9% of the upright plants could be produced in a single backcross and the excellent phenotype only accounted for 0.04% to 0.98% The combined progeny of the parents did not need to be backcrossed, and the proportion of elite types could be as high as 5.05%. In addition, hybridization with short stems of soybean and wild species was better than wild varieties Shortened at least 1 to 2 years.