核转录因子κB(NF-κB)是细胞内重要的转录调节因子。根据信号成分和生物学功能，激活NF-κB的信号转导通路分为经典和非经典2种途径。NF-κB在几乎所有细胞类型的细胞质中普遍表达，并且与免疫调节和免疫耐受密切相关。许多疾病，包括癌症、炎症和自身免疫性疾病等，都与NF-κB的调节失衡有关。本文综述了经典和非经典NF-κB信号转导通路在免疫调节和免疫耐受中的作用以及基于NF-κB信号转导通路在疾病中的治疗。“,”Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an important transcriptional regulatory factor in cells.According to the signal composition and biological function, the signal transduction pathways of activating NF-κB can be divided into canonical and non-canonical pathways.NF-κB is widely expressed in the cytoplasm of almost all cell types and is closely related to immune regulation and immune tolerance.Many diseases, including cancer, inflammation and autoimmune diseases, are related to the imbalance of regulation of NF-κB.This article reviews the role of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signal transduction pathways in immune regulation and immune tolerance, as well as the treatment of diseases based on NF-κB signal transduction pathways.