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为开发环境相容性好、贮藏稳定性高的生物农药新剂型,采用喷雾干燥法制备了枯草芽孢杆菌微囊剂。通过单因素试验确定该微囊剂壁材麦芽糊精与芯材枯草芽孢杆菌发酵液(以下简称发酵液)的最佳配比;通过正交试验优化了喷雾干燥条件;通过田间试验验证了该微囊剂对番茄立枯病的防治效果。结果表明:制备枯草芽孢杆菌微囊剂时,壁材与芯材的最佳配比为m(麦芽糊精)∶V(发酵液)=1∶1;喷雾干燥的最优条件为进风温度125℃,进样流量750 m L/h,喷雾压力0.20 M Pa;所制备微囊剂常温贮存360 d后,菌体存活率仍高达91.36%,显著高于对照枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂。田间药效试验表明,该枯草芽孢杆菌微囊剂用量为300 g/hm2(芽孢浓度为1.5×107cfu/m2)时,对番茄立枯病的防效最高,为72.76%。
To develop a new biopesticide formulation with good environmental compatibility and high storage stability, Bacillus subtilis microcapsules were prepared by spray drying method. The optimal ratio of maltodextrin on the wall of the microcapsule wall material and the fermentation broth of the core material Bacillus subtilis (hereinafter referred to as fermentation broth) was determined by a single factor experiment. The spray drying conditions were optimized by orthogonal test. Control effect of microcapsules on tomato blight. The results showed that the optimal ratio of wall material to core material was m (maltodextrin): V (fermentation broth) = 1: 1 when Bacillus subtilis microcapsule was prepared. The optimum conditions of spray drying were air inlet temperature 125 ℃, the injection flow rate was 750 m L / h, and the spray pressure was 0.20 M Pa. After being stored at room temperature for 360 days, the cell viability was still as high as 91.36%, significantly higher than that of the control Bacillus subtilis WP. Field efficacy trials showed that the Bacillus subtilis microcapsule dosage of 300 g / hm2 (spore concentration of 1.5 × 107cfu / m2), the highest control of tomato blight, was 72.76%.