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背景:有氧健身运动已成时尚健身运动的主题,了解和掌握有氧运动对健身者体质的影响,对指导健身实践有着现实的意义。目的:观察有氧运动对女大学生身体成分、心肺功能、身体形态的影响。设计:非随机化同期对照实验。单位:中华女子学院。对象:实验于2003-05/2004-10进行。随机抽取中华女子学院及北京市其他三所高校体育公选课的女大学生100名为有氧运动组,另外以同年龄段的其他未经过系统有氧训练的100名女大学生为对照组。方法:①有氧运动组课程内容以健美操、体育舞蹈、太极拳等有氧运动为主,每次锻炼包括准备活动5～15min,有氧运动30～45min(运动时靶心率(75%最大心率)至少持续15min),放松整理活动15～20min,每次锻炼时间为60min,每周训练2次,训练时间在晚饭前2.5h进行,持续1.5年。②对照组不干预,但要求尽量与对照组保持相同的饮食结构和作息时间。主要观察指标:①身体形态指标:身高、体质量、胸围、腰围、臀围。②皮褶厚度、体脂百分比和瘦体质量。③肺活量、每分最大自主通气量、每博输出量、心输出量、射血分数、心率、射血时间、平均心缩射血速率、左心室周径缩短率。结果:200名全部完成测试今年如结果分析。①训练后有氧运动组腰围小于对照组,胸围和臀围大于对照组(P<0.05),腰臀比小于对照组(6.50±10.48,70.39±11.24,P<0.05),体质量指数2组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②训练后有氧运动组臀部、肩胛部、胸部、腹部和大小腿皮褶厚度均小于对照组(P<0.05～0.005);体脂百分比也显著小于对照组[(20.5±3.45)%,(26.5±4.58)%,P<0.005];瘦体质量大于对照组[(41.8±9.86),(36.9±8.69)kg,P<0.01]。③训练后有氧运动组肺活量、每分最大自主通气量、每博输出量、平均心缩射血速率和左心室周径缩短率均大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:①有氧运动能够有效地改善女大学生的身体形态,使三围的比例更加协调。②有氧运动能够有效地减少女大学生的体内脂肪的含量,增加瘦体质量。③有氧运动能有效地提高女大学生的肺活量和肺通气量以及心脏的泵血和收缩等功能。
Background: Aerobic exercise has become the theme of fashion and fitness exercises. Understanding and mastering the influence of aerobic exercise on the physique of bodybuilders has realistic significance in guiding fitness practice. Objective: To observe the effects of aerobic exercise on female college students’ body composition, cardiopulmonary function and body shape. Design: Non-randomized contemporaneous control experiment. Unit: China Women’s College. Subjects: The experiment was conducted on 2003-05 / 2004-10. A total of 100 female college students from the China Women’s College and other three PE colleges in Beijing were selected randomly as the aerobic exercise group. The other 100 female college students who did not undergo systematic aerobic training in the same age group were selected as the control group. Methods: (1) The aerobic exercise group consisted of aerobic exercise, physical dance and tai chi exercise. Each exercise consisted of 5-15 minutes of preparation activity and 30-45 minutes of aerobic exercise (target heart rate during exercise was 75% Heart rate) for at least 15min), relax and organize activities 15 ~ 20min, each exercise time is 60min, training twice a week, training time 2.5h before dinner for 1.5 years. ② The control group did not intervene but required to keep the same diet structure and schedule as the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① body shape indicators: height, body mass, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference. ② skinfold thickness, body fat percentage and lean mass. ③ vital capacity, the maximum voluntary ventilation per minute, the amount of each output, cardiac output, ejection fraction, heart rate, ejection time, mean systolic ejection rate, shortening of left ventricular circumference. Results: All 200 completed the test this year as a result of the analysis. The waist circumference of the aerobic exercise group was less than that of the control group, the chest circumference and hip circumference were greater than those of the control group (P <0.05), and the waist-hip ratio was less than that of the control group (6.50 ± 10.48 and 70.39 ± 11.24, P <0.05) There was no significant difference (P> 0.05). ② After training, the skinfold fold in buttocks, scapula, chest, abdomen and legs were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05-0.005); the percentage of body fat was also significantly lower than that in the control group [(20.5 ± 3.45)%, ( 26.5 ± 4.58)%, P <0.005]. The lean mass was higher than that of the control group [(41.8 ± 9.86), (36.9 ± 8.69) kg, P <0.01]. ③ Aerobic exercise group lung capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation per minute, output per cardiac output, mean systolic ejection rate and shortening rate of left ventricular circumference were greater than the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: ① aerobic exercise can effectively improve the female college students body shape, so that the proportion of the more coordinated. ② aerobic exercise can effectively reduce the female students in vivo fat content, increase lean mass. ③ aerobic exercise can effectively improve the lung capacity of female university students and pulmonary ventilation and heart pump blood and contraction and other functions.