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目的了解陕西省谷物及其制品中真菌毒素污染情况。方法 2013年3月—2016年6月,在陕西省10个地级市采集玉米及其制品、小麦及其制品、大米和玉米油,采用高效液相色谱法检测其中的黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxins,AFT)和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN),超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测其中的伏马菌毒素(fumonisins,FBs)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)及其衍生物3-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-A-Don)和15-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-A-Don)。结果陕西省各种谷物中均检出真菌毒素,DON在小麦和玉米中的检出率分别为86.9%和74.2%,小麦及其制品中DON的超标率为6.7%,玉米没有超标样品检出。ZEN在玉米油和玉米中的检出率分别为79.4%和49.2%,玉米及其制品中ZEN超标率为6.3%。FB1在玉米中的检出率为72.5%。谷物制品中AFT检出率较低,主要污染玉米及其制品,检出率为5.0%。大米受真菌毒素污染较轻。结论 2013—2016年陕西省谷物制品普遍受真菌毒素污染,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其衍生物是检出率最高的一类真菌毒素,玉米是最容易受真菌毒素污染的谷物。
Objective To understand the mycotoxin contamination in cereals and their products in Shaanxi Province. Methods From March 2013 to June 2016, maize and its products, wheat and its products, rice and corn oil were collected from 10 prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi province. The aflatoxins were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) AFT) and zearalenone (ZEN) were used to detect fumonisins (FBs), deoxynivalenol (DON) and their derivatives by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Derivatives 3-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-A-Don) and 15-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-A-Don). Results Mycotoxins were detected in all kinds of cereals in Shaanxi Province. The detection rates of DON in wheat and maize were 86.9% and 74.2% respectively. The over-standard rate of DON in wheat and its products was 6.7%, while that of maize was not detected . The detection rates of ZEN in corn oil and corn were 79.4% and 49.2%, respectively. The ZEN over-standard rate in corn and its products was 6.3%. The detection rate of FB1 in maize was 72.5%. AFT detection rate of cereal products is low, the main pollution of corn and its products, the detection rate was 5.0%. Rice is less contaminated with mycotoxins. Conclusions In 2013-2016, cereal products in Shaanxi Province were generally contaminated with mycotoxins. Deoxynivalenol and its derivatives were the most detectable mycotoxins, and corn was the most susceptible cereal to contamination with mycotoxins.