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大黄首载于《神农本草经》。千百年来,一直被历代医家视为拨乱反正之要药,是中医各科临床和抢救危重症的首选药物,素有“将军”之称。明代伟大的医药学家李时珍对大黄进行了精辟的研究。《本草纲目》中涉及到大黄的记载共八十多处,以大黄为主组方五十余首,从而为大黄在各科临床的应用开辟了广阔的途径,成为后世医家应用大黄之典范。本文试就李时珍对大黄的论述和运用作如下探讨。
Rhubarb was first published in the “Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing.” For thousands of years, it has been considered by the ancient doctors to be the drug to correct chaos. It is the drug of choice for the clinical and rescue of critical illnesses in various departments of Chinese medicine and is known as the “general”. Li Shizhen, a great medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty, conducted an incisive research on rhubarb. The “Compendium of Materia Medica” involved more than 80 records of rhubarb and more than 50 of rhubarb as the main group, which opened up a wide range of clinical applications for rhubarb and became a model for the application of rhubarb in later generations. This article tries to discuss Li Shizhen’s discussion and application of rhubarb as follows.