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保留用益权的空虚所有权交易是大陆法系传统的一种财产分配方式,利用所有权的弹性,所有权人在移转物的空虚所有权后,仍然保有对物使用收益的权利,由此将归属和用益权能分配给不同的主体。这一制度起源于罗马法。在老龄化社会和经济危机中,欧洲国家通过这种交易方式实现以房养老的目的。在资金短缺的情况下,老人将房屋区分为两个更小的价值体,然后出售其中的空虚所有权,继续在原来的房屋中居住,而投资方能够以相对少的金额购买到一个空虚所有权。在我国既有的研究中,主要借鉴的是美国倒按揭制度,但是由于缺乏配套的金融环境,实践进展缓慢,并且在制度上对于所有权移转和房屋维护缺乏足够的保护;而空虚所有权交易以物权法为基础,民众可以通过意思自治实现以房养老的意愿,购买人也可以获得良好的投资机会。这一新的路径的研究有利于促进我国以房养老制度与物权法的结合。
Hollow usufruct of the right to ownership of the transaction is a traditional civil law of the distribution of property, the use of the flexibility of ownership, ownership of the object in the transfer of the empty ownership of the object still retains the right to use the proceeds, which will belong to and benefit Power can be assigned to different subjects. This system originated from the Roman law. In the aging society and the economic crisis, European countries have adopted this kind of transaction to achieve the purpose of housing for the elderly. In the absence of funds, the elderly divide the house into two smaller values, sell the empty ownership of the house, continue to live in the original house, and the investor can buy a void for a relatively small sum. However, due to the lack of supporting financial environment, the practice is slow, and there is not enough protection for ownership transfer and house maintenance in the system. However, Property law as the basis, the people can realize the will of housing retirement by means of autonomy, buyers can also get good investment opportunities. This new path of research is conducive to promoting China’s housing pension system and property law combination.