材料经表面形变强化可有效地提高材料的疲劳性能.以往主要研究形变强化工艺与零件疲劳寿命的关系.为进一步发挥材料强度潜力,近年来着重研究形变强化后残余应力、组织强化及表面光洁度等各因素对不同强度、不同缺口形状等材料的影响。本文从经典理论及断裂力学两方面结合所作的工作,介绍残余应力对材料疲劳性能影响研究的一些新进展。残余应力对疲劳极限的影响涉及如何选取残余应力值,残余应力对不同强度材料的作用,残余应力的多轴性,残余应力在缺口处的集中效应及其对缺口疲劳极限的影响等。断裂力学方法适用于分析裂纹在残余应力场中的扩展问题。研究表明残余应力不仅改变了载荷比,而且还使裂纹的闭台力发生变化,改变了有效应力强度因子范围及相应的裂纹扩展速率,它和残余应力导致的闭合力变化有较好的对应关系. In the past, the relationship between the strain hardening process and the fatigue life of parts has been mainly studied.In order to further develop the material strength potential, in recent years, the research focuses on the residual stress, microstructure strengthening and surface finish after deformation strengthening The factors of different strength, different shape of the gap and other materials. In this paper, we combine the work done by classical theory and fracture mechanics, and introduce some new advances in the study of the influence of residual stress on fatigue properties of materials. The influence of residual stress on the fatigue limit involves how to select the residual stress, the effect of residual stress on different strength materials, the multiaxiality of residual stress, the concentration effect of residual stress on the notch and its influence on the notch fatigue limit. Fracture mechanics method is suitable for analyzing the crack propagation in residual stress field. The research shows that the residual stress not only changes the load ratio, but also changes the crack closing force, changes the range of effective stress intensity factor and the corresponding crack growth rate, and it has a good correspondence with the closing force variation caused by residual stress .