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中国古代的专制主义政治体制,势必为官僚家族提供各种各样的特权。然而,这些特权又由于社会等级差别而不尽相同。一般而言,等级越高,特权越多。在世家大族群体中,有些家族的特权在仕宦或家族维持过程中起着重要作用,更有些家族甚至主要依靠特权而世代仕宦,形成特权类世家大族。帝王家族无疑是这类家族的代表。赵宋皇族受到优崇自不待言,即使是前代帝王的家族,亦享受到宋王朝给予的较多特权。其中的邢州柴氏家族,以后周遗族的身份,享有的特权引人注目。本文对该家族试加梳理,以图增加对宋代特权类世家大族的认识。
The ancient authoritarian political system in China is bound to offer various privileges to the bureaucratic family. However, these privileges vary from one social class to another. In general, the higher the rank, the more privileges. In the family monarchy, some of the family’s privileges play an important role in official or family maintenance. Some even rely mainly on their privileges and generations to form official families of privileged families. Imperial family is undoubtedly the representative of such families. The Song and Song dynasties were highly praised. Even the families of the previous emperors enjoyed more privileges granted by the Song dynasty. One of the Xingzhou Chai family, after the identity of the survivor of the week, enjoyed the privilege of attracting attention. This article tries to sort out the family in an attempt to increase the awareness of the Han nationality in the Song Dynasty as a privileged family.