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20世纪中国文艺学学术史实际上是从古典形态的诗文评转化为现代形态的文艺学的历史。从诗文评到文艺学的转换根本上是学术范型的转换,即从古典形态的诗文评的学术范型转变为现代形态的文艺学的学术范型。这个过程经历了“蓄势”期、“蜕变”期、“定格”期、“突破(反叛)”期,今天仍处于转变中。研究文艺学学术史应以问题为纲、以社会文化为维度、内史与外史相结合。我们应从这段历史吸取必要的经验教训,避免学术政治化,要真正实行双百方针,坚定不移地走开放之路,以促进今天的文艺学建设。
In the 20th century, the academic history of Chinese literature and art actually translated from the classic form of poetry into the history of the modern form of literature and art. The conversion from literary criticism to literary criticism is essentially the conversion of the academic paradigm, that is, from the academic paradigm of the classical form of poetic assessment to the modern academic paradigm of literature and art. This process has undergone a period of “prosperous”, “decaying”, “deciding”, “breakthrough (rebellious)”, and is still undergoing a transformation. The study of academic history of literature and art should take the issue as the key link, the social culture as the dimension, the combination of the internal history and the foreign history. We should learn from this historical lesson the necessary lessons to avoid academic politicization. We must truly implement the “two hundred principles” and unswervingly follow the path of opening up so as to promote the construction of literature and art today.