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There is a historical process for the implementation of ethnic regional autonomy in the Tibet region .Generally speaking , the Chinese Communist Party ’ s ( CCP ) guiding principle re-lated to nationalities ( minzu gangling) and the i-dea of constructing ethnic minority regions experi-enced a transformation from “ethnic self -deci-sion”, to the mixture of “ethnic self -decision”and“ethnic -autonomy”, and finally to “ethnic autonomy”.“Ethnic regional autonomy” distin-guished clearly the “vague part” related to autono-mous rights in“ethnic autonomy”, and defined the“autonomy” within a region.Therefore, after the confirmation of the “Guiding Principle”, all relat-ed laws or regulations started to emphasize that the ethnic autonomous region is a part of China ’ s ter-ritory, and the autonomous government is the local government lead by the central government .Mean-while , the confirmation of ethnic regional autonomy becomes a legal basis for the New China in the management of the political system in the Tibetan region.
From the literature , we find that the earliest public data relating to the management of the polit-ical system in Tibet proposed by the CCP was a lead article entitled We completely agree with Mr. Yat-sen’ s ethnic policy ( women wanquan tongyi zhongshan xiansheng de minzu zhengce) published in the Xinhua Daily on July 22, 1945.The pur-pose of this article was to attack the Nationalist Party’ s related policies by using Sun Yat -sen’ s ethnic theory .It should be mentioned that the purpose of the lead article was to make public the CCP’ s idea of “forming a large democratic na-tional family ( the people ’ s government )” .
On September 2 , 1949 , the Xinhua news a-gency published a lead article entitled Never Allow Foreign Invaders to Annex China ’ s territory-Ti-bet ( juebu rongxu waiguo qinluezhe tunbing zhong-guo de lingtu -xizang ) .It declared that “the CCP advocates autonomy for the ethnic minorities;respects the various ethnic peoples ’ religious be-liefs, cultural habits, and all the people who know about the situation of the liberated area in inner Mongolia and the liberated Hui region in Gansu have no suspicions about this .”
In 1950 , the Southwest Bureau proposed ten articles related to the negotiation conditions and in-cluded “the implementation of ethnic regional au-tonomy in Tibet” into the second article.In 1951, the local representatives of Tibet accepted the con-ditions of regional autonomy .Following that, the central government set up an autonomous region in Tibet , and realized ethnic regional autonomy .In 1952, the situation in Tibet was moving towards the direction of stability .However , some conflicts emerged between the tenth Panchen Lama and bkav-shag ( local government of Tibet ) regarding power, taxation, grains for the army etc.The cen-tral government again stressed the importance of the unity of Tibetan region , and emphasized that the key to unification was “to get the support from the Dalai Lama, and improve the internal unity of the Dalai and Panchen cliques”.
In 1953 , the central government agreed to create a concrete form of autonomy in Tibet based on most of the Tibetan peoples ’ will.Actually, this regulation affirmed the special position of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama among the Ti-betan people .In order to establish an autonomous region, the central government promoted the unity of the Dalai and the Panchen , and allowed them to lead Tibet together .In 1954 , through the efforts of the central government , a preparatory team was or-ganized to discuss the specific items related to the creation of an autonomous region . After several months of effort , a basic framework for the Tibet Autonomous Region was constructed .In 1955 , the Preparation Committee of the Autonomous Region , led by the State Council , was established so as to prepare to implement autonomy in the Tibet re-gion.In 1956, the preparation committee was es-tablished in Lhasa .In 1957, the central govern-ment streamlined government organs and reduced the number of working personnel .Hence , the Ti-betan region was actually managed by the prepara-tion committee , and mainly by the old local gov-ernment through the implementation of “regional autonomy”.
But there were conditions for “regional auton-omy”.At first, there was a regional scope regard-ing to “autonomy”.According to the principles of territorial management , the Tibetan local govern-ment could not be involved with and intervene in various affairs , including democratic reform in oth-er Tibetan areas .Secondly , the Tibetan local gov-ernment could not oppose the central government and organize large scale rebellion .Moreover , Ti-betan currency and silver coins could not be circu-lated in other Tibetan areas , and smuggled articles were not allowed to flow into inland China through Tibet.
However , in 1959 , the old Tibetan local gov-ernment unexpectedly announced the “independ-ence” of Tibet , and organized a large scale rebel-lion .The central government had to take actions to pacify the rebellion and prevent the split of the na-tion.
After the pacification of the rebellion , the central government dismissed the old Tibetan local government , carried out democratic reform , and started to perform the function of the people ’ s government in Tibet .After several years of effort , in 1965, the central government established the Ti-betan Autonomous Region .
In conclusion , the historical facts noted above reflect that the Tibetan Regional Autonomy experi-enced a historical process from management by the Dalai clique etc .to one led by new -type ethnic cadres.During this process , the central govern-ment ’ s route of peaceful unification has been al-ways clear , and there were “conditions” in imple-menting regional autonomy .The conditions are pa-triotism and unity , regional autonomy within Chi-na, and the acceptance of the central government ’ s leadership .
From the literature , we find that the earliest public data relating to the management of the polit-ical system in Tibet proposed by the CCP was a lead article entitled We completely agree with Mr. Yat-sen’ s ethnic policy ( women wanquan tongyi zhongshan xiansheng de minzu zhengce) published in the Xinhua Daily on July 22, 1945.The pur-pose of this article was to attack the Nationalist Party’ s related policies by using Sun Yat -sen’ s ethnic theory .It should be mentioned that the purpose of the lead article was to make public the CCP’ s idea of “forming a large democratic na-tional family ( the people ’ s government )” .
On September 2 , 1949 , the Xinhua news a-gency published a lead article entitled Never Allow Foreign Invaders to Annex China ’ s territory-Ti-bet ( juebu rongxu waiguo qinluezhe tunbing zhong-guo de lingtu -xizang ) .It declared that “the CCP advocates autonomy for the ethnic minorities;respects the various ethnic peoples ’ religious be-liefs, cultural habits, and all the people who know about the situation of the liberated area in inner Mongolia and the liberated Hui region in Gansu have no suspicions about this .”
In 1950 , the Southwest Bureau proposed ten articles related to the negotiation conditions and in-cluded “the implementation of ethnic regional au-tonomy in Tibet” into the second article.In 1951, the local representatives of Tibet accepted the con-ditions of regional autonomy .Following that, the central government set up an autonomous region in Tibet , and realized ethnic regional autonomy .In 1952, the situation in Tibet was moving towards the direction of stability .However , some conflicts emerged between the tenth Panchen Lama and bkav-shag ( local government of Tibet ) regarding power, taxation, grains for the army etc.The cen-tral government again stressed the importance of the unity of Tibetan region , and emphasized that the key to unification was “to get the support from the Dalai Lama, and improve the internal unity of the Dalai and Panchen cliques”.
In 1953 , the central government agreed to create a concrete form of autonomy in Tibet based on most of the Tibetan peoples ’ will.Actually, this regulation affirmed the special position of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama among the Ti-betan people .In order to establish an autonomous region, the central government promoted the unity of the Dalai and the Panchen , and allowed them to lead Tibet together .In 1954 , through the efforts of the central government , a preparatory team was or-ganized to discuss the specific items related to the creation of an autonomous region . After several months of effort , a basic framework for the Tibet Autonomous Region was constructed .In 1955 , the Preparation Committee of the Autonomous Region , led by the State Council , was established so as to prepare to implement autonomy in the Tibet re-gion.In 1956, the preparation committee was es-tablished in Lhasa .In 1957, the central govern-ment streamlined government organs and reduced the number of working personnel .Hence , the Ti-betan region was actually managed by the prepara-tion committee , and mainly by the old local gov-ernment through the implementation of “regional autonomy”.
But there were conditions for “regional auton-omy”.At first, there was a regional scope regard-ing to “autonomy”.According to the principles of territorial management , the Tibetan local govern-ment could not be involved with and intervene in various affairs , including democratic reform in oth-er Tibetan areas .Secondly , the Tibetan local gov-ernment could not oppose the central government and organize large scale rebellion .Moreover , Ti-betan currency and silver coins could not be circu-lated in other Tibetan areas , and smuggled articles were not allowed to flow into inland China through Tibet.
However , in 1959 , the old Tibetan local gov-ernment unexpectedly announced the “independ-ence” of Tibet , and organized a large scale rebel-lion .The central government had to take actions to pacify the rebellion and prevent the split of the na-tion.
After the pacification of the rebellion , the central government dismissed the old Tibetan local government , carried out democratic reform , and started to perform the function of the people ’ s government in Tibet .After several years of effort , in 1965, the central government established the Ti-betan Autonomous Region .
In conclusion , the historical facts noted above reflect that the Tibetan Regional Autonomy experi-enced a historical process from management by the Dalai clique etc .to one led by new -type ethnic cadres.During this process , the central govern-ment ’ s route of peaceful unification has been al-ways clear , and there were “conditions” in imple-menting regional autonomy .The conditions are pa-triotism and unity , regional autonomy within Chi-na, and the acceptance of the central government ’ s leadership .