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目的选育四倍体伊犁贝母Fritillaria pallidifloraSchrenk新种质,为高产、高生物碱含量的伊犁贝母育种打下基础。方法以鳞茎诱导出的不定芽为材料,将其接入含有2%二甲基亚砜、不同浓度秋水仙素的液体MS培养基诱导四倍体,利用处理后不定芽表型变化及染色体计数筛选鉴定四倍体伊犁贝母。结果成功获得了染色体加倍的伊犁贝母新材料,其中以含秋水仙素400 mg/L浸泡24 h效果最佳,四倍体诱导率达到33.3%,四倍体植株与二倍体对照相比,二者在表型性状、显微结构上有明显区别。结论四倍体植株体型大、生长优势明显,离体条件下利用不定芽诱导多倍体是伊犁贝母倍性育种的一条有效途径。
Objective To breed new tetraploid Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk germplasm from Ili Fritillaria and lay a foundation for the breeding of Ili Fritillaria with high yield and high alkaloid content. Methods The adventitious buds induced by bulbs were used as materials to induce tetraploids in liquid MS medium containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide and different concentrations of colchicine. The adventitious bud phenotypes and chromosome counts were determined after treatment. Screening and identification of tetraploid Ili fritillaria. Results The new Ilibergia Fritillaries with chromosome doubling was successfully obtained. The best results were obtained when soaked in colchicine 400 mg/L for 24 h, the tetraploid induction rate was 33.3%, and the tetraploid plants were compared with the diploid control. There are obvious differences in phenotypic traits and microstructure between the two. Conclusion Tetraploid plants are large in size and have obvious growth advantages. The induction of polyploids with adventitious buds under ex vivo conditions is an effective approach for ploidy breeding of Ipilopthylum.