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电荷q在电场中运动时,电场力所做的功只取决于始末位置而与路径无关,所以计算电场力做功可有多种方法.1.根据功的定义W=FScosθ计算.例1带电量分别为+q和-q的小球,固定在长度为l的绝缘细杆的两端,置于电场强度为E的匀强电场中,杆与场强方向平行,如图1所示,若细杆绕中心O垂直于杆的方向转过180°,则转动过程中电场力做的功为
When the charge q moves in the electric field, the work done by the electric field force only depends on the starting and ending position and is independent of the path. Therefore, there are many ways to calculate the electric field force. 1. According to the work definition W=FScosθ calculation. Example 1 Charge The balls with the +q and -q, respectively, are fixed at both ends of an insulated rod with a length of l, and are placed in a uniform electric field with an electric field strength of E. The rod is parallel to the direction of the field strength, as shown in Fig. 1. As the thin rod rotates 180° about the center O in the direction perpendicular to the rod, the work done by the electric field force during the rotation is