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农作物体内的重金属主要来自土壤、施肥、大气沉降以及降雨或灌溉。本文采集了福建省主要的烟草肥料和全国清香型烤烟的代表之一福建省龙岩市永定县土壤和烟田灌溉水体样品,分析了其中的重金属含量,并与国家相应标准中的限量进行了对比。结果表明:①烟田土壤中As含量为限量标准的12.3%~65.0%,Cd为66.7%~100.0%,Cr为4.0%~47.3%,Hg为0~66.7%,Pb为0.3%~63.3%,目前尚均属安全级别,但个别烟田的土壤As、Cd、Hg、Pb含量偏高;②烟草肥料中As含量为限量标准的0.7%~24.0%,Cd为0.5%~2.1%,Cr为0~21.4%,Hg为0~4.8%,Pb为7.7%~50.6%,目前尚均属安全级别,但一种钙镁磷肥中的Pb含量略高;③灌溉水体中As含量为限量标准的0~0.5%,Cd为0.1%~5.8%,Cr为0.3%~1.6%,Hg为8.6%~55.4%,Pb为0~2.6%,绝大部分灌溉水体中重金属含量远低于限量标准,均属安全级别。
The heavy metals in crops are mainly from soil, fertilization, atmospheric deposition and rainfall or irrigation. In this paper, samples of soil and tobacco irrigation water in Yongding County, Longyan City, Fujian Province, which is one of the major tobacco fertilizers in Fujian Province and one of the representatives of nationally-typed flue-cured tobacco, were collected. The contents of heavy metals were analyzed and compared with the national standards . The results showed that: (1) As content in tobacco soil was 12.3% ~ 65.0%, Cd was 66.7% ~ 100.0%, Cr was 4.0% ~ 47.3%, Hg was 0 ~ 66.7%, Pb was 0.3% ~ 63.3% However, the contents of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in soil were higher in some tobacco fields. The content of As in tobacco fertilizer was 0.7% ~ 24.0%, and the content of Cd was 0.5% ~ 2.1% Is 0 ~ 21.4%, Hg is 0 ~ 4.8%, Pb is 7.7% ~ 50.6%, at present it is a safety level, but a slightly higher Pb content in calcium magnesium phosphate; ③As concentration in irrigation water as a limited standard Of heavy metal is 0-0.5% of Cd, 0.1-5.8% of Cd, 0.3-1.6% of Cr, 8.6-55.4% of Hg and 0-2.6% of Pb. The content of heavy metals in most irrigation water is much lower than the limit , Are security level.