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热力脱水是一个能源高度密集型的过程,几乎应用于所有工业部门。在发达国家,热力脱水的能耗占到国家所有工业能耗的10%～20%。随着能源成本的逐步升高和对减轻由石化燃料燃烧排放产生的环境污染的需求,开发新型干燥技术变得愈加重要。此外,由于在传质传热过程中会产生物理和(或)化学变化,干燥还会影响到干燥产品的质量。成千上万的干燥产品、数百种不同类型的干燥器使得开发适用范围较广的干燥器的设计及放大相当困难。过去的30年来,对各种形式的湿固态物料、糊浆和液体的干燥,已经有人做了大量的关于传递现象和材料科学方面的基础和应用研究。将简述目前干燥技术发展水平及其理论认识,并提供一些正在开发的新技术实例,指出一些为提高干燥技术而挑战基础和模拟研究的机会。还将给出实例说明如何对喷雾、脉冲燃烧干燥装置进行数学建模,以此进行创新型概念的设计。
Thermal dewatering is a highly energy-intensive process that applies to almost all industrial sectors. In developed countries, the energy consumption of thermal dehydration accounts for 10% to 20% of all industrial energy consumption in the country. With the escalating energy costs and the need to mitigate the environmental pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuel fuels, it has become increasingly important to develop new drying technologies. In addition, drying can affect the quality of dried products due to physical and / or chemical changes that occur during mass transfer. Hundreds of thousands of dry products, hundreds of different types of dryers, make it rather difficult to design and scale dryers for a wide range of applications. Over the past 30 years there has been extensive base and applied research on transmission phenomena and materials science for all forms of wet and dry materials, pastes and liquids. The current state of the art in drying technology and its theoretical understanding will be outlined and examples of new technologies under development are provided, pointing out some opportunities to challenge basic and modeling research to improve drying technology. An example will also be given to illustrate how to model the concept of an innovative concept by mathematically modeling the spray and pulse combustion dryer.