A Power-Aware Branch Predictor by Accessing the BTB Selectively

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Microarchitects should consider power consumption, together with accuracy, when designing a branch predictor,especially in embedded processors. This paper proposes a power-aware branch predictor, which is based on the gshare predictor, by accessing the BTB (Branch Target Buffer) selectively. To enable the selective access to the BTB, the PHT (Pattern History Table) in the proposed branch predictor is accessed one cycle earlier than the traditional PHT if the program is executed sequentially without branch instructions. As a side effect, two predictions from the PHT are obtained through one access to the PHT, resulting in more power savings. In the proposed branch predictor, if the previous instruction was not a branch and the prediction from the PHT is untaken, the BTB is not accessed to reduce power consumption. If the previous instruction was a branch, the BTB is always accessed, regardless of the prediction from the PHT, to prevent the additional delay/accuracy decrease. The proposed branch predictorreduces the power consumption with little hardware overhead, not incurring additional delay and never harming prediction accuracy. The simulation results show that the proposed branch predictor reduces the power consumption by 29-47%.
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