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有机氯农药、多氯联苯、短链氯化石蜡、多溴联苯醚和全氟化合物等典型持久性有机污染物(POPs)可由释放源经河流输入、土壤表层冲刷、大气沉降等途径进入海洋.由于其疏水性和亲脂性,它们易与有机质含量较高的颗粒物结合,最终埋藏在沉积物中,且被生物吸收后易于富集在脂含量较高的组织中.沉积物上的POPs在一定气象和环境条件下,又可能经再悬浮等方式重新进入水体,造成水体二次污染.POPs具有持久性、生物富集和放大性、长距离迁移以及环境毒性等特点,进入海洋后引起的海洋环境污染问题是影响我国海洋环境安全的一个重要因素.本文总结了黄海、东海及其邻近沿岸海域沉积物中上述几类典型的遗存和新型POPs的污染特征,归纳了其在海洋中的来源、由陆地向海洋的迁移机制,以及部分污染物的生态风险评估,并对未来亟需开展的研究进行了展望.
Typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, SCCPs, PBDEs and perfluorinated compounds, can enter the ocean from sources such as river inputs, soil surface scouring and atmospheric deposition. Their hydrophobicity and lipophilicity, they are easy to combine with high organic matter particles, and finally buried in the sediment, and after being easily absorbed by the bioaccumulation of lipid content in the organization. POPs on the sediment in a certain weather and Under the environmental conditions, it may re-enter the water body through resuspension and other ways, resulting in secondary pollution of water bodies.POPs are characterized by persistence, bioaccumulation and amplification, long-distance migration and environmental toxicity, etc., resulting in pollution of the marine environment after entering the ocean The problem is one of the important factors affecting the marine environment safety in our country.This paper summarizes the pollution characteristics of the above typical deposits and new types of POPs in the sediments of the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and its adjacent coastal areas, summarizes the sources of them in the oceans, Migration mechanism to the oceans, and ecological risk assessment of some pollutants, and prospects for the future research are urgently needed.