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自2000多年前柏拉图对修辞的诡辩性提出批评以来,西方历代的修辞学家们无一不在探索如何限制修辞活动中哄骗与诡辩的理论和方法。综观西方修辞学发展的历史,对修辞滥用的限制先后出现了诉求真理、诉求伦理和诉求论辩的三种进路。诉求真理为理性的法律修辞提供了方向指引,诉求伦理为理性的法律修辞提供了内部约束,而诉求论辩则为理性的法律修辞提供了外部制约。
Since Plato criticized the sophistication of rhetoric more than 2,000 years ago, all the rhetoricians in Western history have been exploring ways and means of limiting the use of sophistry and rhetoric in rhetorical activities. Looking at the history of the development of rhetoric in the West, there are three kinds of approaches of claiming truth, claiming ethics and claiming arguments on the restriction of rhetoric abuse. The truth-seeking legal rhetoric provides the direction guidance, the ethics as the rational legal rhetoric provides the internal constraint, and the appeals debate provides the rational legal rhetoric with the external restriction.