小儿肺炎支原体(MP)感染与哮喘关系密切,MP感染可通过直接损伤呼吸道上皮细胞,促进细胞因子、炎性介质及生长因子的释放,诱导IgE产生及神经调节等机制引发哮喘。对于初发喘息、哮喘严重发作及慢性哮喘反复发作难以缓解及疑诊咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿应行相应的病原学检测。对于MP感染相关性哮喘,应及时选用大环内酯类抗生素。 Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection is closely related to asthma. MP infection can induce asthma by directly injuring airway epithelial cells, promoting the release of cytokines, inflammatory mediators and growth factors, inducing IgE production and neuromodulation. For the first episode of wheezing, severe asthma attacks and repeated episodes of chronic asthma is difficult to alleviate and suspected cough variant asthmatic children should be the appropriate pathogen detection. For MP-associated asthma, macrolide antibiotics should be used promptly.