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本文分三个层次对社会科学基础问题进行了探讨。一是从“基础”概念谈起,在与数学基础研究的比较中引申出社会科学基础的根本性、历史性和相对性三个基本特点。二是通过分析社会科学基础研究中由科学主义与人文主义的对立而引起的一系列悖论,讨论了“社会科学是否可能”的问题,提出了以“层次论”取代“二元对立”。三是讨论了现代社会科学之所以可能形成独立基础的理由和条件,提出了现代社会科学研究的三大方法:定性与定量相结合的系统研究方法;个体论与整体论相结合的综合研究方法;实证性和评价性相结合的集成研究方法。本文认为,以这三大方法为“支柱”有可能建立“现代社会科学基础学”。
This article explores the basic social sciences in three levels. First, from the “basic” concept, in the comparison with the basic research of mathematics, the basic, historical and relative basic characteristics of social science are extended. Second, by analyzing a series of paradoxes caused by the confrontation between scientism and humanism in the basic research of social science and discussing whether “social science is possible” Binary Opposition“. Third, it discusses the reason and condition that modern social science may form an independent foundation, and puts forward three methods of modern social science research: the systematic research method of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis; the integrated research method combining individualism and holism ; Integrated research method combining demonstration and evaluation. This paper argues that with these three methods as the ”pillar“ it is possible to establish a ”basic theory of modern social science."