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肠上皮内淋巴细胞(IEL)是肠黏膜免疫系统的前沿守护者。肠黏膜上皮与肠腔大量微生物、食物抗原接触后,可通过调节IEL以预防肠腔致病微生物侵袭和对无害抗原产生耐受。IEL的表型和功能呈多样性,包括常规和非常规亚型,其功能失调不仅可引发肠道疾病,且与自身免疫病关系密切,而自身免疫病亦可致IEL发生相应变化。本文就IEL的分类、起源、在消化道中的分布情况及其与自身免疫性肠病、免疫缺陷性肠病、小肠恶性肿瘤的相关研究进展作一综述。
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) is the leading guardian of the intestinal mucosal immune system. Intestinal mucosal epithelium and intestine a large number of microorganisms, food antigen contact, by regulating the IEL to prevent intestinal pathogenic microorganisms invasion and the production of non-harmful antigen tolerance. IEL has a variety of phenotypes and functions, including both conventional and unconventional subtypes. Its dysfunction not only causes intestinal diseases, but also is closely related to autoimmune diseases. However, autoimmune diseases can cause changes in IEL. This article reviews the classification, origin, distribution of IEL in the digestive tract, and the related research progress of IEL with autoimmune enteropathy, immunodeficiency enteropathy and intestinal malignant tumor.