论文部分内容阅读
目的研究扬州市主要集装箱企业作业产生的电焊烟尘和金属粉尘对作业工人健康的影响。方法依据国家卫生标准选择检测扬州集装箱企业158个电焊作业地点,采用BFC-35E型粉尘采样器和LD-IH型激光粉尘仪,测定电焊烟尘和金属粉尘总粉尘浓度。1年后在3044名参加体检的从业人员中,以机关行政人员作为空白对照组,作业工人按监测点粉尘浓度分为超标组和达标组,比较3组健康检查结果。结果全部电焊检测点电焊烟尘浓度的TWA达标率为40.1%(57/142),STEL达标率为20.4%(29/142);打磨等检测点金属粉尘TWA达标率为56.0%(9/16),STEL达标率为50.0%(8/16);自动焊接采样点达标率高达92.8%(13/14)。2006年新诊断I期电焊工尘肺14例,发病率0.41%。其他工人主要健康问题依次是心、肺内科检查异常(18.8%)、心电图异常(14.7%)、高千伏胸片检查异常(14.2%)、鼻甲肥大(12.7%)、高血压(8.7%)、听力损伤(3.9%)、眼损伤(3.7%)。白细胞计数偏低或偏高(3.4%)。各组工人的高千伏胸片检查、鼻甲肥大、听力损伤、眼损伤的异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论集装箱企业电焊烟尘和金属粉尘控制仍然存在不足,导致工人相关系统发生健康损害,需要加强除尘和防护工作。
Objective To study the effects of welding dust and metal dust on the workers’ health caused by the operation of major container enterprises in Yangzhou City. Methods According to the national health standards, 158 welding sites in Yangzhou container enterprises were selected for testing. Total dust concentration of welding fume and metal dust was determined by using BFC-35E dust sampler and LD-IH laser dust analyzer. One year later, among 3044 employees who participated in the medical examination, the administrative staffs of the institutions were taken as the blank control group, and the workers were divided into the exceeding group and the compliance group according to the dust concentration of the monitoring points. The results of the three groups of health examination were compared. Results The TWA compliance rate of all the welding spots was 40.1% (57/142) and that of STEL was 20.4% (29/142). The metal dust TWA compliance rate was 56.0% (9/16) , STEL compliance rate was 50.0% (8/16); automatic welding sampling point compliance rate as high as 92.8% (13/14). In 2006, 14 cases of newly diagnosed I-phase welder pneumoconiosis were found, the incidence rate was 0.41%. The main health problems of other workers were as follows: heart, pulmonary medicine examination abnormality (18.8%), electrocardiogram abnormality (14.7%), high kV chest radiographic examination abnormality (14.2%), turbinate hypertrophy (12.7% , Hearing loss (3.9%), eye damage (3.7%). Low or high white blood cell count (3.4%). Each group of workers high kV chest X-ray examination, turbinates hypertrophy, hearing loss, eye injury abnormal rate, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion There are still some shortcomings in the control of welding fumes and metal dust in container enterprises, resulting in health damage to the workers’ related systems and the need to strengthen dust and protection work.