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目的分析深圳市2010—2013年中小学水痘爆发疫情的流行特征及规律,为水痘预防控制工作提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对深圳市中小学2010—2013年水痘爆发疫情流行特征进行分析。结果 2010—2013年深圳市共报告178起水痘爆发疫情,除2起为中学报告外,其余全部为小学及幼儿园报告,分别为149起和27起,累计罹患人数为1 752例,罹患率为6.43%;爆发疫情规模最少的5例,最多的为93例,病例数≤10例的疫情共143起,占80.3%;水痘爆发有5月和12月2个高峰;龙岗区、罗湖区和福田区为报告最多的3个区,分别为56起、33起和33起,占总报告的68.5%;疫情报告和持续时间的平均中位天数分别为5 d和6 d,2者呈正相关(r=0.655,P<0.01)。结论学校水痘爆发的重点是在小学。在水痘易爆发的高峰季节,需加强水痘疫情监测,及时发现、报告对控制疫情非常有必要。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and rules of chickenpox outbreak in primary and secondary schools in Shenzhen in 2010-2013 and to provide reference for the prevention and control of chickenpox. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the prevalence of chickenpox outbreak in primary and secondary schools in Shenzhen in 2010-2013. Results In 2010-2013, a total of 178 cases of chickenpox were reported in Shenzhen. Except for 2 cases, secondary schools and kindergartens reported 149 cases and 27 cases respectively. The cumulative number of cases was 1,752 with an attack rate of 6.43%; the outbreak of the smallest outbreak in 5 cases, up to 93 cases, the number of cases ≤ 10 cases outbreak 143 cases, accounting for 80.3%; chickenpox outbreak in May and December 2 peaks; Longgang District, Luohu District and Futian District is the most reported three districts, respectively 56, 33 and 33, accounting for 68.5% of the total report; the average median days of reporting and duration of the outbreak were 5 d and 6 d, respectively, a positive correlation between the two (r = 0.655, P <0.01). Conclusion The focus of school chickenpox outbreaks is in primary school. In the peak season of chickenpox outbreak, the need to strengthen the monitoring of chicken pox epidemic, timely detection, the report is very necessary to control the outbreak.