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采用大田试验研究了氮肥不同形态及配比对春茬花椰菜产量形成、品质和植株氮、磷、钾吸收的影响.结果表明:硝态氮肥易增加花球中硝酸盐的积累量、提高可溶性糖含量,当NO3--N∶NH4+-N处于3∶7～5∶5范围内时可以减少花球中硝酸盐积累量,处于5∶5～7∶3范围内时可获得较高的可溶性糖含量.铵态氮肥(包括酰胺态氮肥)有利于花球中Vc含量的提高.施氮肥可以提高植株中氮、磷、钾的积累量,其中莲座期各处理植株氮、磷、钾含量均为最高.在整个生长期铵态氮有利于促进氮含量的提高,硝态氮有利于钾含量的提高,但在不同时期磷含量受氮源的影响变化不一致.与单一氮肥形态相比,当NO3--N∶NH4+-N处于3∶7～5∶5范围内时易获得高产.因此硝态氮肥与铵态氮肥以适当的比例配合施用可以提高花椰菜的品质、生物产量和经济效益.
The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different forms and proportions of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield formation, quality and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of cauliflower in spring. The results showed that the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer could increase the accumulation of nitrate and increase the content of soluble sugar When NO3 - N: NH4 + -N is in the range of 3: 7 ~ 5: 5, the accumulation of nitrate in the curd can be reduced. When the content of NO3 - N: NH4 + -N is in the range of 5: 5-7: 3, higher soluble sugar Content.Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer (including amide nitrogen fertilizer) was beneficial to the increase of Vc content in flower bulbs.The nitrogen fertilizer could increase the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in all treatments were The highest in the whole growth period of ammonium nitrogen is conducive to promoting the increase of nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen is conducive to the increase of potassium content, but at different periods of phosphorus content varies with the impact of nitrogen sources.Compared with a single nitrogen form, when NO3 - N: NH4 + -N is easy to get high yield in the range of 3: 7 ~ 5: 5. Therefore, the application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in appropriate proportion can improve the quality, biological yield and economic benefits of cauliflower.