Background:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common subtype of SCA worldwide,and runs a slowly progressive and unremitting disease course.There is currently no curable treatment available.Growing evidence has suggested that nerve growth factor (NGF) may have therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases,and possibly also in SCA3.The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of NGF in SCA3 patients.Methods:We performed an open-label prospective study in genetically confirmed adult (＞18 years old) SCA3 patients.NGF was administered by intramuscular injection (18 μg once daily) for 28 days consecutively.All the patients were evaluated at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks after treatment using the Chinese version of the scale for assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA).Results:Twenty-one SCA3 patients (10 men and 11 women,mean age 39.14 ± 7.81 years,mean disease duration 4.14 ± 1.90 years,mean CAG repeats number 77.57 ± 2.27) were enrolled.After 28 days of NGF treatment,the mean total SARA score decreased significantly from a baseline of 8.48 ± 2.40 to 6.30 ± 1.87 (P ＜ 0.001).Subsections SARA scores also showed significant improvements in stance (P =0.003),speech (P =0.023),finger chase (P =0.015),fast altating hand movements (P =0.009),and heel-shin slide (P =0.001).Conclusions:Our preliminary data suggest that NGF may be effective in treating patients with SCA3.