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目的:寻找鉴别黄芩的生长年限、区别野生及栽培黄芩的依据,为黄芩质量控制提供参考依据。方法:以性状组织学研究方法,对5个省(区)12个产地45个编号共87份不同生长年限的栽培和野生黄芩标本和7个省(区)共22份黄芩商品药材进行研究。结果:发现野生黄芩与一、二年生栽培品(商品多见)横切面观的导管排列方式不同。野生黄芩导管为切向排列;栽培一年生品为径向排列,二年生为团状排列。首次发现黄芩根中存在年轮结构。根据主根形状、色泽、栓皮、残留茎基和枯心等性状特征,以及导管的排列方式、木质部木栓细胞环、年轮等组织学特征可区别野生和栽培黄芩并判断其生长年限。结论:建立了不同生长年限的野生和栽培黄芩的性状组织学鉴别方法,并首次发现黄芩组织中可观察到年轮结构。
Objective: To find out the basis for the identification of the growth life of jaundice, the difference between wild and cultivated jaundice, and provide reference for the quality control of jaundice. Methods: Using the trait histological research method, we studied the cultivation of 85 different growing years and 12 wild astragalus specimens from 12 production areas in 5 provinces (districts) and a total of 22 medicinal herbs of Astragalus membranaceus in 7 provinces (districts). RESULTS: It was found that the arrangement of the catheters in wild jaundice was different from that in the one- and two-year-old cultivars (commonly seen in commodities). Wild jaundice catheters are tangentially arranged; annual ones are arranged in a radial arrangement and biennials are arranged in clusters. It was found for the first time that there was a ring structure in the root of Astragalus. According to the characteristics of the main root shape, color, cork, residual stem base and dead heart, and the arrangement of the catheter, xylem cork cell rings, annual rings and other histological characteristics can distinguish between wild and cultivated jaundice and judge their growth period. Conclusion: The histological identification methods of wild and cultivated Astragalus membranaceus with different growth years were established. It was found for the first time that the structure of annual rings could be observed in Astragalus membranaceus.